Respiratorysystem provides us with oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide, a waste productthat can be dangerous in body’s cells if allowed to accumulate.
three importantparts of respiratory system are the airways, lungs, and muscle.Organsof respiratory system can be divided functionally into the conducting zone andthe respiratory zone. Its conducting area is the airway from the nose downwardsto the bronchioles which is significant site liable for transferring air and severalforeign particles. The breathing areaconsists of bronchioles down to the alveoli, where the gas exchange takes placesvia a dispersal process. This systembegins at the place where oxygen enters the body through the nose (nasalcavity), this format provides us with the sense of inhalation at the same timeas filtering, warming, and moisten breathe in. Airthat reaches through the nasal cavity travels to the pharynx which is thecylindered shaped pathway leading to thelarynx which has the voice box and is a hollow tube connected to thewindpipe, After going through thelarynx, oxygen travels by the trachea, known to be the windpipe.
At this point, theair is cleaned, then moistened before going into the lungs. The lungs are inthree lobes the right superior, middle and inferior lobe. The left lung isdiminutive and has only two lobes the left superior and inferior lobe bothassociated externally with small tubular. The fresh oxygen then develops intothe depth tissues of the lungs; ultimately, progressing the region the centreof the respiratory system where gas exchange. Inhalationbegins by the contraction of the diaphragm that line at the lower part of thethorax, fastening off air-tight from abdominal cavity. Its density causes the muscles in the thoraxto draw the end of the anterior of each rib in and out to enlarge the volume.In view of this, tension in the thorax and the lungs decrease outside theatmospheric air pressure relatively.
Firstly, air enters the body through the nose,moves quickly to the pharynx or throat. Then go through the larynx or voice boxthat links the trachea which has muscular tube c shape that consists of ringsof cartilages which stops them from collapsing. The left and right bronchusbranches into the trachea that further divides into tiny branches calledbronchioles. Alveoli is the smallest number of bronchioles in a tiny air sac thatinflate throughout inhalation and deflate. During internal swallowing, back ofthe tongue that is joined to the top of the larynx, pushes upward, forcing theepiglottis to close over the glottis, preventing food or foreign objects fromentering the larynx. If any items enter the vocal folds, stimulation of the larynxmuscles causes a cough reflex to try and expel the elements to prevent choking.Thedistribution of oxygen in the lungs down to the bloodstream and replacement ofcarbon dioxide of the bloodstream into the lungs are called gas exchange. Transpiringin the lungs linking the alveoli and the system of tiny blood vessels known ascapillaries which are positioned the walls of the alveoli where red blood cellspass through the capillaries hence making it possible for oxygen and carbondioxide to disperse freely between the respiratory system and the bloodstream.
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Oxygen molecules attached to red blood cells hence moving backwards to the heartat the equivalent moment, carbon dioxide molecules within the alveoli inflatedout of the body by means of the next exhalation. Gas exchange also allows the body to restockoxygen and eradicate the carbon dioxide both of which are very necessary forsurvival. Smoking damages therespiratory system. Every time an individual smokes, the poisonous gases passthrough the lungs then into the bloodstream, hence flowing to the entire organin the body. Cigarette smoke contains the poisoned gases, carbon monoxide, andnitrogen oxide. All classes of tobacco are hazardous, including cigar pipes,and smokeless tobacco such as chewing tobacco and snuff.
Nicotine is anaddictive chemical in tobacco. Smoking affects the two lungs airways, known asbronchial tubes and the small air sacs called alveoli. Tiny hair-like known as cilia causing harmfulsubstances to the lungs causing irritates to the bronchial tubes fabricate themto increase and make mucus. Therefore, slowing the movement of the cilia as aresult of smoke making mucus to reside in the lungs whiles asleep, some cilia recuperateand start pushing further pollutants and mucus out of the lungs. And when waking up, the body attempts to ejectthis material by coughing continually, a condition known as smoker’s cough.
Inno time, chronic bronchitis builds up as the cilia stop working and the airwaysbecome clogged by means of mucus. Breathing can become more difficult, causingthe lungs to become more vulnerable to further disease such as chronicbronchitis and emphysema which is collectively called COPD which is the gradualloss of the ability to breathe for which there is no antidote.
