Chronic periodontal diseases include a group of inflammatory diseases that affect the periodontal supporting tissues of the teeth and encompass nondestructive and destructive conditions. The term chronic periodontal diseases will refer, in this report, to both plaque-induced gingivitis and chronic periodontitis.
Plaque induced gingivitis is the inflammation of the soft tissues without apical migration of the junctional epithelium. In addition, chronic periodontitis, the most frequent form of periodontitis, results in inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth, progressive attachment and bone loss at a slow rate, characterised by pocket formation and/or gingival recession. Furthermore, chronic periodontitis is also a common entity worldwide, therefore – a knowledge of the factors that may influence the transition from health to disease and of the progression of the disease through various stages of severity, are important in the development of effective strategies of prevention and treatment. Plaque-induced gingivitis forms when inflammation of the gingiva is caused when bacteria groups at the gingival margin. Plaque-Induced gingivitises is the most common form of periodontitis and is prevalent in all ages. There are numerous clinical characteristics found in all gingival diseases and these include signs of inflammation, the presence of bacteria ridden plaque to initiate or exacerbate the severity of the disease. The plaque found on teeth can become a substance called tartar which is essentially hardened plaque which coats the teeth at the base near the gum lining. Gingivitis is the early stage of gum disease which, if not treated can progress into a condition called Periodontitis which affects the supportive tissues of the teeth which essentially hold them in place.
A study carried out by the American Dental Association (ADA) found that one in two adults aged 30 and over has periodontitis of some form within the US. Meaning that across the entirety of America, it is estimated that 64.7 million or 47.2 percent of American adults have mild, moderate or severe periodontitis. When Adults aged 65 and older were studied, the results showed that the prevalence rates increased to 70.
1 percent. It is estimated that through global population; approximately 10 percent suffer from the disease. Although the condition is commonly found across all genders, the disease happens to be more prevalent within females.
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The reason behind this is because of puberty, when females go through puberty – sex hormones such as progesterone and oestrogen are shown to increase in levels which results in an increased blood circulation to the gums. This increase In blood circulation causes an increase in gum sensitivity and can lead to a greater reaction to any form of irritation such as plaque and even food particles.
